60 Second Velocity CFD Model of PHi Mixing
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This video illustrates that the fluid velocity along the centerline persists long after the bubble has reached the surface, resulting in mixing. However, if no additional bubbles were released, this centerline velocity, and mixing, would eventually stop due to friction (viscosity). By releasing additional bubbles at the correct time intervals, the centerline fluid velocity can be maintained, which drives the toroidal convection mixing cell. This is analogous to pushing a person on a swing and applying the “push” at the right time.

The results above involve computer model simulations which are physics based – they solve the mass, momentum and energy conservation equations; they are as close to realty as one can get short of performing a full experiment (nature never lies). The results shown are in agreement with qualitative video from experiments performed
at the GSEE test facility in Lavergn, TN.